Title

In 1977 the people of Libya proclaimed the Jamahiriya or “government of the popular masses by themselves and for themselves.” The Jamahiriya was a higher form of direct democracy with ‘the People as President.’ Traditional institutions of government were disbanded and abolished, and power belonged to the people directly through various committees and congresses. The nation State of Libya was divided into several small communities that were essentially “mini-autonomous States” within a State. These autonomous States had control over their districts and could make a range of decisions including how to allocate oil revenue and budgetary funds. Within these mini autonomous States, the three main bodies of Libya’s democracy were Local Committees, People’s Congresses, and Executive Revolutionary Councils. During the 1980s and 1990s, Gaddafi, in alliance with the Eastern Bloc and Fidel Castro's Cuba, openly supported rebel movements like Nelson Mandela's African National Congress, the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Polisario Front (Western Sahara). Gaddafi's government was either known to be or suspected of participating in or aiding attacks by these and other proxy forces. Additionally, Gaddafi undertook several invasions of neighboring states in Africa, notably Chad in the 1970s and 1980s. All of his actions led to a deterioration of Libya's foreign relations with several countries, mostly Western states, and culminated in the 1986 United States bombing of Libya. In early 2011, a civil war broke out in the context of the wider "Arab Spring". The rebel backed rebels formed a committee named the National Transitional Council on 27 February 2011. It was meant to act as an interim authority in the rebel-controlled areas. After killings by government forces in addition to those by the rebel forces, a multinational coalition led by NATO forces intervened on 21 March 2011 in support of the rebels. The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant against Gaddafi and his entourage on 27 June 2011. Gaddafi's government was overthrown in the wake of the fall of Tripoli to the rebel forces on 20 August 2011 Two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012. After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments, a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015 and the GNC disbanded to support it. [Since then, a second civil war has broken out, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War) as well as various tribal and Islamist militias. As of July 2017, talks are still ongoing between the GNA and the Tobruk-based authorities to end the strife and unify the divided establishments of the state including the Libyan National Army and the Central Bank of Libya. December of this year the [2021 Libyan general election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Libyan_general_election) will be held this election will consist of presidential and parliamentary elections. there will be 3 Canditates with the biggest chance to win, >the Pro-West Liberal [Aref Ali Nayed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aref_Ali_Nayed) >Warlord [Khalifa Haftar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar) > Son of Gaddafi [Saif al-Islam Gaddafi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi) - [The Green Book by Muammar Gaddafi](https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/gaddafi/index.htm) :gaddafi-happy: - [How NATO Set the Stage for Open-Air Slave Markets in Libya](https://thegrayzone.com/2017/12/05/how-nato-set-the-stage-for-open-air-slave-markets-in-libya/) :gaddafi-stern: - [Gaddafi’s Libya was Africa’s Most Prosperous Democracy](https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2013/01/12/gaddafis-libya-was-africas-most-prosperous-democracy/) :gaddafi-happy: - [16 Things Libya Will Never See Again by Michael](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/7c41is/16_things_libya_will_never_see_again_by_michael/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app) Parenti :parenti: _________________________________________________________ Hola Camaradas :fidel-salute-big: , Our Comrades In Texas are currently passing Through some Hard times :amerikkka: so if you had some Leftover Change or are a bourgeoisie Class Traitor [here are some Mutual Aid programs that you could donate to ](https://hexbear.net/post/85867) :left-unity-3: [The State and Revolution](https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/) [:flag-su:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CerdjvePsg&list=PLwGzY25TNHPC_SsXFcIH-ba0nWuNbHOM6) :lenin-shining: :unity: :kropotkin-shining: [The Conquest of Bread ](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-the-conquest-of-bread) [:ancom: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgS8p5s_CVo&list=PLbVcYUw0pvNZfiRVfOx4XZFQ6FHLY2ZjG) [Remember, sort by new you ](https://i.imgur.com/Pup7Qux.png) [ :LIB:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeFiIjMIlRw) [Yesterday’s megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/88574) [:sad-boi: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRdSoZO-5mM) [Follow the ChapoChat twitter account ](https://twitter.com/chapo_chat) [:comrade-birdie:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrXTS10h2WI) [THEORY; it’s good for what ails you (all kinds of tendencies inside!)](https://mega.nz/folder/3GBC1SIZ#zyFsn3bRGxOG1sy-2dOfVA) [:RIchard-D-Wolff:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyneiz9FRMw) [COMMUNITY CALENDAR - AN EXPERIMENT IN PROMOTING USER ORGANIZING EFFORTS](https://hexbear.net/post/59811) [:af: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwPfzaxzSsM) Join the fresh and beautiful batch of new comms: [!genzedong@hexbear.net](/c/genzedong) :deng-salute: [!agitprop@hexbear.net](/c/agitprop) :allende-rhetoric: [!paganism@hexbear.net](/c/paganism) :anarchist-occult: [!neurodiverse@hexbear.net ](https://hexbear.net/c/neurodiverse) :Care-Comrade: ::: spoiler :hammer-sickle: March Megathreads Teaser :hammer-sickle: : - Rosa Luxemburg :rosa: - International Women's Day :rose-fist: - Revolution in Grenada :hammer-sickle: - The Paris Commune the First Revolution :red-fist: - César Chávez :chavez-salute: :::

>Iraq is determined to recover all antiquities that were stolen after the U.S.-led invasion in 2003, the official al-Sabah newspaper reported Tuesday. >"The board is determined to recover the first and last Iraqi artifact smuggled abroad, and we will not give up a single piece of it, regardless of its size and importance," said Laith Hussein, head of the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage of the Culture Ministry. >There is international cooperation in recovering the antiquities that were looted and stolen from the archaeological sites and the Iraq Museum in Baghdad. Hundreds of lawsuits are filed by the ministry outside Iraq on stolen artifacts. Death to America :amerikkka: they liberated iraq just to steal oil and Antiquities of the Islamic golden era

Today was the End of the Siege of Baghdad that ended with the destruction of the city and the End of the Islamic Golden Era. During this period, artists, engineers, scholars, poets, philosophers, geographers and traders in the Islamic world contributed to agriculture, the arts, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, sociology, and technology, both by preserving earlier traditions and by adding inventions and innovations of their own. Also at that time the Muslim world became a major intellectual centre for science, philosophy, medicine and education. In Baghdad they established the “House of Wisdom“, where scholars, both Muslim and non-Muslim, sought to gather and translate the world’s knowledge into Arabic in the Translation Movement. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been forgotten were translated into Arabic and later in turn translated into Turkish, Sindhi, Persian, Hebrew and Latin. Knowledge was synthesized from works originating in ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, China, India, Persia, Ancient Egypt, North Africa, Ancient Greece and Byzantine civilizations. Rival Muslim dynasties such as the Fatimids of Egypt and the Umayyads of al-Andalus were also major intellectual centres with cities such as Cairo and Córdoba rivaling Baghdad. A major innovation of this period was paper – originally a secret tightly guarded by the Chinese. The Arabs improved upon the Chinese techniques of using mulberry bark by using starch to account for the Muslim preference for pens vs. the Chinese for brushes. By AD 900 there were hundreds of shops employing scribes and binders for books in Baghdad and public libraries began to become established. Much of this learning and development can be linked to topography. Even prior to Islam’s presence, the city of Mecca served as a center of trade in Arabia. The tradition of the pilgrimage to Mecca became a center for exchanging ideas and goods. Many medieval Muslim thinkers pursued humanistic, rational and scientific discourses in their search for knowledge, meaning and values. A wide range of Islamic writings on love, poetry, history and philosophical theology show that medieval Islamic thought was open to the humanistic ideas of individualism, occasional secularism, skepticism and liberalism. Religious freedom, though society was still controlled under Islamic values, helped create cross-cultural networks by attracting Muslim, Christian and Jewish intellectuals and thereby helped spawn the greatest period of philosophical creativity in the Middle Ages from the 8th to 13th centuries. A number of distinct features of the modern library were introduced in the Islamic world, where libraries not only served as a collection of manuscripts as was the case in ancient libraries, but also as a public library and lending library, a centre for the instruction and spread of sciences and ideas, a place for meetings and discussions, and sometimes as a lodging for scholars or boarding school for pupils. The concept of the library catalogue was also introduced in medieval Islamic libraries, where books were organized into specific genres and categories. - [Islamic Golden Age – Mid 7th to 13th century](https://themuslimtimes.info/2019/09/17/islamic-golden-age-mid-7th-to-13th-century/) - [The golden age of Islam](https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/medieval-times/cross-cultural-diffusion-of-knowledge/a/the-golden-age-of-islam) - [Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M5wyH4kNZE) - [Early Muslim Expansion - Khalid, Yarmouk, al-Qadisiyyah DOCUMENTARY](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2cEIDZwG5M) - [Islamic Golden Age: Scientific Method DOCUMENTARY](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2cEIDZwG5M) _________________________________________________________ [The State and Revolution](https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/) [:flag-su:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CerdjvePsg&list=PLwGzY25TNHPC_SsXFcIH-ba0nWuNbHOM6) :lenin-shining: :unity: :kropotkin-shining: [The Conquest of Bread ](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-the-conquest-of-bread) [:ancom: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgS8p5s_CVo&list=PLbVcYUw0pvNZfiRVfOx4XZFQ6FHLY2ZjG) [Remember, sort by new you ](https://i.imgur.com/Pup7Qux.png) [ :LIB:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeFiIjMIlRw) [Yesterday’s megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/81538) [:sad-boi: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWhi_JXos60) [Follow the ChapoChat twitter account ](https://twitter.com/chapo_chat) [:comrade-birdie:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrXTS10h2WI) [THEORY; it’s good for what ails you (all kinds of tendencies inside!)](https://mega.nz/folder/3GBC1SIZ#zyFsn3bRGxOG1sy-2dOfVA) [:RIchard-D-Wolff:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyneiz9FRMw) [COMMUNITY CALENDAR - AN EXPERIMENT IN PROMOTING USER ORGANIZING EFFORTS](https://hexbear.net/post/59811) [:af: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwPfzaxzSsM) Join the fresh and beautiful batch of new comms: [!finance@hexbear.net](/c/finance) :deng-salute: [!agitprop@hexbear.net](/c/agitprop) :allende-rhetoric: [!recovery@hexbear.net](https://hexbear.net/c/recovery) :left-unity-2: [!neurodiverse@hexbear.net ](https://hexbear.net/c/neurodiverse) :Care-Comrade:

www.conduitmp.com

> Did you know that 40% of permanent ADF personnel in 2019, were aged between 20-29? That means that during their most formative childhood and adolescent years, these ADF personnel would have been bombarded with anti-Muslim rhetoric from the most senior members of parliament, overexposed to sensationalised anti-Muslim stories from the media, and they would have contextualised it all in their classrooms as they sat through that same propaganda-infused curriculum that I did. > Is the idea of an ideological campaign sounding less far-fetched now? To me, what I’ve described so far sounds like an effective way to create an army of soldiers with extreme anti-Muslim sentiment. This process has another name: Radicalisation, and you’ve been stewing in it for quite some time, Australia.

Akhi please I'll relearn Arabic later please I promise I just wanna understand what it says first

Ya Rab, let the great satan collapse. liberate turtle island. Ameen

www.rt.com

> There is the school of thought that Muslims ought to be made to accept ‘Western values’ and apparently it is the failure of Muslim populations to accept or ‘integrate’ with this superior way of living that is the real root of all terrorism, which is far too easily associated as a product of the faith’s teachings. > Except it is not that simple. Islamist terrorism is not so much a profession of extreme faith as it is a mantra of extremist identity politics. While of course it is using Islam as the faith to justify its goals, understandings and ends, it is nonetheless the application of Islam as a political ideology. > Whilst such acts of sporadic violence have been influenced by particular dogmatic schools of the faith, such as Wahhabism and Salafism, the point of analysis for Islamist terrorism and its associated groups begins with a study of politics, economics and sociology, rather than theology, and the assumption that every believing Muslim will spontaneously be prone to such activities is misleading. As with any other human being, who Muslims are and what they do is a manifestation of the material circumstances in which they exist. > What then, causes radicalisation and leads individuals to commit such acts? The faith itself is not the problem, rather the feelings of resentment, alienation and disillusionment that play upon one’s comprehension of identity and create receptivity to such ideologies.

Posting this here to watch later

*"Seek knowledge, even unto China" - Prophet Muhammad* As-salamu alaykum, chapos! After consulting with the cyber Ulama we have decided to create an open thread where curious posters can take a break from the great posting jihad and ask questions on the nature of Islam or the Muslim experience. So long as they are asked in good faith, from a position of truly wanting to learn, these questions will be answered **without** judgement. As for Muslims, all of us are free to answer any of the questions, even ones that have already been answered. This is an open thread, and the input of different Islamic perspectives is valuable to getting a big picture. To all those reading this, remember: No one person is an authority on Islam. This is why it traditionally the din never had its own clergy. Always have this in mind when researching on Islam. Alright, now GET TO ASKING!

Assalaamu 'alaikum, chapos. You have just been conscripted into the eternal posting jihad! From now on you will focus all of your activity towards spreading the glory of Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala. This community is where the global Ummah can safely co-ordinate the struggle to defeat the Great Satan and subsume the earth into a world caliphate. However, non-Muslims are free to roam here to learn and engage in positive discussions of Islamic topics and the Muslim experience, so long as they come in with good faith and pay their regular jizya tax. Also avoid enflaming sectarian differences - in the struggle, the Ummah will be united. Please take your caliphate-mandated prayer rug and litham and make your way to the mosque to start your foray into the great posting jihad. ALLAHU AKBAR

MASHALLAH!! UPON HEARING THE BEAUTIFUL WORDS OF THE QUR'AN MARX REVERTED TO ISLAM ON HIS DEATHBED!