ELI12 TLDR: Decent accuracy was found ~80% when using these to differentiate between people with Long COVID versus people who had recovered. People with Long COVID tend to have high Artemin which is linked to nerve cell communication problems and the elevated levels found may provide a clue into the cognitive problems many of these patients have. High Galectin-9 levels (which were also found here) are often associated with immune issues such as overactivation, which seems to fit well with all the immune abnormalities we see in these patients. Abstract: This study aimed to assess plasma galectin-9 (Gal-9) and artemin (ARTN) concentrations as potential biomarkers to differentiate individuals with Long COVID (LC) patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered (R) and healthy controls (HCs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined a cut-off value of plasma Gal-9 and ARTN to differentiate LC patients from the R group and HCs in two independent cohorts. Positive correlations were observed between elevated plasma Gal-9 levels and inflammatory markers (e.g. SAA and IP-10), as well as sCD14 and I-FABP in LC patients. Gal-9 also exhibited a positive correlation with cognitive failure scores, suggesting its potential role in cognitive impairment in LC patients with ME/CFS. This study highlights plasma Gal-9 and/or ARTN as sensitive screening biomarkers for discriminating LC patients from controls. Notably, the elevation of LPS-binding protein in LC patients, as has been observed in HIV infected individuals, suggests microbial translocation. However, despite elevated Gal-9, we found a significant decline in ARTN levels in the plasma of people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study provides a novel and important role for Gal-9/ARTN in LC pathogenesis.
Neurologist Now • 100%
hmmm. To be honest, that’s an okay summary out of context, but it really fails to grasp the essence of the paper. It’s not wrong per say, but it adds irrelevant details while withholding key information. I wouldn’t rely on chatgpt’s summary for this.
Neurologist Now • 100%
There’s a feature of some Long COVID cases (~50%) which is also the defining feature of an illness called ME/CFS which has been caused by various forms of viral infections throughout history. (It is thought that a lot of Long COVID cases are ME/CFS). Anyways this feature is, Post-Exertional Malaise, a worsening of the illness after exertion beyond a certain threshold, which can entail hundreds of symptoms and be permanent.
This paper is a review of some of the biomedical studies looking at what could possibly cause this, and finds there is repeated data of Microvascular (blood vessels) and immunometabolic (metabolic markers relating to immune function) differences with healthy controls.
The leading hypotheses are that this is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction which is mediated by a dysregulated immune system.
Some of my colleagues were co-authors on this paper. I’ll forward the feedback that it is jargony.
### Background A considerable number of patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 are affected by persistent multi-systemic symptoms, referred to as Post-COVID Condition (PCC). Post-exertional malaise (PEM) has been recognized as one of the most frequent manifestations of PCC and is a diagnostic criterion of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Yet, its underlying pathomechanisms remain poorly elucidated. ### Results Upon physical activity, affected patients exhibit a reduced systemic oxygen extraction and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these are mediated by dysfunctions in mitochondrial capacities and microcirculation that are maintained by latent immune activation, conjointly impairing peripheral bioenergetics. Aggravating deficits in tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during activities cause exertional intolerance that are frequently accompanied by tachycardia, dyspnea, early cessation of activity and elicit downstream metabolic effects. The accumulation of molecules such as lactate, reactive oxygen species or prostaglandins might trigger local and systemic immune activation. Subsequent intensification of bioenergetic inflexibilities, muscular ionic disturbances and modulation of central nervous system functions can lead to an exacerbation of existing pathologies and symptoms
Neurologist Now • 100%
Ah sorry, the genome of octopus’ mating is only 99.99 something % similar. Not 100%. Rounding reflex.
Neurologist Now • 100%
Are octopus related to octopus? I mean technically they’re 100% related, but also they aren’t related as related implies not being. Depends on your interpretation.
If you’re confused: Birds are dinosaurs, crocodiles aren’t; note the “closest living **relatives**”
Neurologist Now • 100%
I found college classes with small sizes were the worst as they would always adapt to the slowest learners who put no effort. While large lectures don’t do that.
Neurologist Now • 100%
“minor edits”
Basically asks you to rewrite the whole thing
Neurologist Now • 75%
Look up plague poems on bluesky, was posted yesteday author provided source in replies iirc
Neurologist Now • 95%
If you’re healthy.
Sucks to be disabled or immunocompromised or at risk in any other way…
Also, it’s still killing at much higher rates than the flu.
And I won’t even start getting into Long COVID, which I’m currently researching. But it is a major crisis. 2-4 million people unable to work in the US because of it.
Neurologist Now • 35%
FYI, you seem to be new here and seem not to be far-left. For your future enjoyment of lemmy, note that Lemmy.ML is a communist instance and therefore you may not like some of the content there.
Neurologist Now • 100%
When I was into gym and building muscle mass this confused the hell out of me at first.
Neurologist Now • 76%
Not really.
There have been extensive sociological studies over this. Condition in a capitalist society and the promotion of the “homo economicus” model continually reinforces “greediness” and leads to people in capitalist societies being far “greedier” on average.
It isn’t a natural thing, it is conditioned. Obviously everyone is greedy to an extent. But in anthropological examinations of different forms of societies, altruism scored far higher than greediness in non-capitalistic societies.
Kate Raworth, Oxford Economist, wrote an excellent chapter about this in her book called “doughnut economics”. The chapter is “Nurture Human Nature”.
The view that all humans are greedy and rational was promoted by Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill and is the precursing foundation of capitalism. But modern economics have rejected this view as it has been proven to be inaccurate, and increasingly rely on theoretical models built within behavioural economics.
Neurologist Now • 100%
what are you trying to say?
Neurologist Now • 81%
Critical of capitalism ≠ Socialist
There’s a lot of nuance you’re missing out on in this simplistic statement.
I obviously oppose any authoritarian regime regardless of the economic system.
Neurologist Now • 100%
Does this statistic include calories fed to livestock or not?
Neurologist Now • 100%
This fact makes me viscerally angry
Neurologist Now • 100%
Lac Léman, is the french word for what english people call lake geneva (all the region around lac léman is french speaking).
Léman comes from celtic “lemann” which means lake.
So lac léman is the lake lake. Given it is the biggest lake in western europe, not a bad name.
cross-posted from: https://mander.xyz/post/16143715
Neurologist Now • 100%
That’s not how these collegues treat them.
They act like you can basically “think yourself out of” most mental illnesses.
Neurologist Now • 100%
unpopular opinion is not the same thing as academic literature lol makes sense.
Though I found the points to be well thought it (if not clearly written in a rush).
Also to be fair given the post, they could likely be a med student or something. Most people aren’t aware of the specific biological factors they listed nor some of the conditions, as OP used some medical terminology not often seen used by layman.
Neurologist Now • 100%
Yeah thats how it sounds to me 😂
Its patient blaming all the way in my (non-official) opinion
Neurologist Now • 80%
That’s only in some schools of thought of psychology.
There are plenty of praticing psychologists and psychiatrists (some of my colleagues) who genuinely believe and publish research along the lines of “all mental illness are caused by thoughts and behaviours”. Research that in my opinion is heavily flawed, but still published and peer reviewed, so a lot of people in the field think this way.